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Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of children's diseases from "accumulated internal heat" ZHANG Yu, XIAO Yang, ZHOU Mengxiao, SUN Liping Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (1): 59-63.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.01.012 Abstract （2941）      PDF（pc） （1073KB）（6642）       Knowledge map    Save The function of the spleen in children is often insufficient, and improper feeding, or disease damage may cause the fact that food can't be digested, which is food accumulation。Although it is a disease of the spleen, Professor Sun Liping believes that long time of food accumulation can form internal heat syndrome, thereby inducing a variety of pediatric diseases. Attention should be paid to the physical changes caused by congenital abnormality and acquired dystrophy. Based on the physiological and pathological characteristics of children, Yin and Yang theory, five-element theory and constitution theory, and through combination with more than 30 years of clinical experience of Professor Sun Liping, this paper explores the etiology and pathogenesis of children's diseases caused by "food", the disease outcome transformed by "heat", the diagnosis experience from "observation", and the treatment method by "elimination". A new line of thinking of "same treatment for different diseases" is provided for the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain, cough, asthma and tic disorders caused by food accumulation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Individualized intervention strategies in the treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity based on precision medicine LI Ping, YANG Fan, LIU Hanmin Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.01.001 Abstract （3654）      PDF（pc） （1165KB）（4874）       Knowledge map    Save Childhood and adolescent obesity has become a global challenge in public health.Its high weight regain rate and risks of metabolic complications highlight the limitations of traditional intervention strategies.This review systematically explores individualized intervention strategies for obesity in children and adolescents in the context of precision medicine,breaking the traditional "one-size-fits-all" model.It integrates multi-omics technologies with intelligent management methods,proposing a multidimensional framework for precise intervention.First,a precise diagnosis and evaluation system is constructed based on multi-modal data,including genomics,radiomics,and gut microbiomics,to identify genetic susceptibility,metabolic phenotypes and microbiome characteristics,laying the foundation for stratified interventions.Secondly,individualized intervention plans are developed based on genetic risk scores,epigenetic regulatory mechanisms,and gut microbiome-targeted therapies:gene-guided strategies aim to optimize dietary structure through multi-gene risk assessments; epigenetic interventions aim to regulate DNA methylation and histone modification by taking advantage of nutrients (such as methyl donors and short-chain fatty acids),reversing metabolic dysregulation; microbiome remodeling aims to improve energy metabolism balance through probiotics and synbiotics.Furthermore,artificial intelligence and wearable devices are employed for dynamic monitoring in multiple scenarios.By collaborating with multidisciplinary teams in nutrition,sports medicine,and psychology,a smart management model of "hospital-family-community" network is established.While precision medicine offers groundbreaking directions for childhood obesity treatment,challenges such as biomarker validation,data integration,and long-term efficacy evaluation remain to be addressed.This review provides theoretical foundations and practical pathways for the improvement in the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions,emphasizing the need to integrate interdisciplinary innovative technologies in the future in order to promote the transformation of childhood obesity management toward precision and intelligence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case examples of Dong Youqi's application of Erchen decoction and its derivatives prescriptions in treating infantile phlegm-damp syndrome Wanying CHANG, Youqi DONG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 67-70.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.013 Abstract （1542）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （516KB）（3595）       Knowledge map    Save Erchen decoction is the fundamental prescription for treating phlegm-damp syndrome and has been praised as "the general prescription for resolving phlegm" by physicians in the past dynasties. Children are constitutionally frail and prone to dampness retention and phlegm production due to dysfunction of the spleen in transportation; internal obstruction by phlegm-dampness can lead to multiple system disorders involving the respiratory, digestive and emotional systems. Considering the physiological characteristics of children such as "inherent splenic insufficiency" and "inherent pulmonary insufficiency", and based on the pathogenic theory that "the spleen is the source of phlegm production and the lung is the container for phlegm storage", Professor Dong Youqi adheres to the therapeutic principle of "regulating qi first for phlegm treatment and invigorating the spleen to cut off the source of phlegm". He flexibly applies Erchen decoction and its derivative prescriptions including Wendan decoction and Liujunzi decoction, with modifications tailored to syndromes, addressing both the symptoms and the root causes of the disease. These prescriptions have been widely used in the treatment of phlegm-dampness-related pediatric disorders such as cough, food stagnation, anorexia, vertigo, insomnia and emotional disorders, achieving remarkable therapeutic effects. This paper cites three typical medical cases as evidence, reflecting Professor Dong's academic thought of "diagnosing diseases and formulating treatments based on theoretical inference", and providing valuable clinical experience for the application of Erchen decoction and its derivative prescriptions in the treatment of infantile phlegm-damp syndrome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A network Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of guideline-recommended external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for anorexia in children Zhonghe ZENG, Longming LEI, Jun ZHAO, Qiongxiao WANG, Lin FU, Mengyun WU, Danlu SU, Guanghui CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 23-30.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.005 Abstract （1893）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1069KB）（3435）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended non-pharmacological TCM therapies for pediatric anorexia via a network Meta-analysis. Methods RCTs from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to March 2025 were searched. Quality assessment used ROB 2.0,and data were analyzed with Stata 18.0. Results Thirty-eight RCTs (3 546 patients) covering pricking at Sifeng points, acupoint application, pediatric Tuina, and their combinations were included. Pricking at Sifeng points+pediatric Tuina was most likely the best intervention for overall clinical effectiveness(SUCRA=78.9%) and serum zinc improvement(SUCRA=95.1%).Pediatric Tuina+oral medication ranked highest for improving serum iron(SUCRA=85.7%) and serum calcium(SUCRA=83.4%). Conclusion Pricking at Sifeng points plus pediatric Tuina is recommended for overall efficacy and serum zinc, while pediatric Tuina with oral medication performs better for serum iron and calcium. Therapy selection should be individualized based on serological indicators. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment for pediatric pulmonary diseases based on the theory of "lungs governing skin and hair" and the method of "analogy and classification"  WEI Jiaxuan, YANG Jianhui, FENG Zhongfa, LI Rong, ZHAO Shun, LIU Qiaoya Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (1): 75-78.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.01.016 Abstract （2887）      PDF（pc） （1062KB）（3305）       Knowledge map    Save This paper explores the application value of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of "lungs governing skin and hair" and the thinking method of "analogy and classification" in the treatment of pediatric pulmonary diseases.Both "lungs governing skin and hair" and "analogy and classification" are traditional TCM theoretical approaches guiding clinical differential diagnosis and treatment.By discussing the correlation between the lungs and the skin and hair,and then employing the method of analogy and classification,this paper explores the feasibility and efficacy of treating pulmonary diseases by the "skin"-cortex (the character of skin and cortex is the same in Chinese).Starting from the physiological characteristics of children,such as "lung deficiency" and loose cutaneous layers,the paper argues that "cortex-related" herbal medicines (e.g.,Baixian Pi,Hou Po,and Chan Tui) can improve the pathological features of being easily invaded by external pathogens in children.Through case studies,this paper demonstrates a formula containing cortex-related herbs in the treatment of cough (wind-phlegm obstructing the lung) in a 4-year-old child,which is very effective.The results confirm the clinical feasibility of this approach.By integrating traditional TCM theories with modern scientific validation,this paper provides new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pulmonary diseases,highlighting the unique advantages of TCM in the field of pediatrics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the pathogenesis of pediatric functional dyspepsia based on the theory of "spleen deficiency as the root" WANG Na, LIU Shiyu, LIU Jie, YU Jian, XIONG Lei Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2024, 16 (6): 477-481.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-3865.2024.06.004 Abstract （1977）      PDF（pc） （1035KB）（3257）       Knowledge map    Save Functional dyspepsia(FD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in children,characterized by symptoms such as upper abdominal discomfort,abdominal distension,poor appetite,and acid regurgitation.The pathogenesis of FD is complex,involving multiple factors such as gastrointestinal motility disorders,visceral hypersensitivity,and brain-gut axis dysfunction.In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),it is believed that the theory of "spleen deficiency as the root" is the core pathological mechanism.Specifically,spleen deficiency impairs the normal flow of qi,leading to the accumulation of dampness and stagnation,which brings about gastrointestinal motility issues and visceral hypersensitivity.Furthermore,spleen dysfunction weakens qi and hinders digestive absorption and blood production,worsening gut microbiota imbalances and disrupting brain-gut axis regulation.The TCM treatment strategy for FD involves four key approaches:strengthening the spleen,regulating spleen qi,activating spleen function,and balancing qi flow.Strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness enhances gastrointestinal motility and removes stagnation.Regulating spleen qi improves digestion and relieves food retention.Activating spleen function restores healthy digestion and absorption.Balancing qi flow ensures smooth coordination of qi ascending and descending to relieve stagnation.These TCM methods align closely with modern medical strategies of regulating gastrointestinal motility,reducing visceral hypersensitivity,and balancing brain-gut axis.This study systematically explores the pathogenesis of FD and the treatment strategy of integrating TCM with modern medicine from the perspective of "spleen deficiency as the root".It highlights the intricate interactions among spleen function,the brain-gut axis,and gut microbiota.This research provides theoretical foundation and guidance for the treatment of children with FD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Data mining of medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of cough in children Yali CUI, Ke CHANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 264-269.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.015 Abstract （1956）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （888KB）（2809）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To analyze the medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of cough in children，and summarize his thoughts on the treatment for cough. Methods Collect the prescriptions of Professor Chang Ke for the treatment of cough in the outpatient department from November 1，2023 to November 1，2024，standardize the drug names in the prescriptions，establish a database on the ancient and modern medical record cloud platform，and use multiple analysis methods to analyze the collected data from multiple perspectives，in order to explore the medication rules of Professor Chang Ke in the treatment of cough. Results A total of 567 prescriptions involving 224 Chinese medicines were included. According to the analysis of the data from the cloud platform of ancient and modern medical records, it was concluded that the high?frequency drugs were Scutellaria baicalensis，Apricot kernel，Pinellia ternata，Belamcanda chinensis，Platycodon grandiflorus，etc. The drug properties were mainly cold，warm，slightly cold and flat，the flavors of the medicines were bitter，spicy，sweet and slightly bitter，and the meridians involved were mainly the lung，stomach and spleen meridians. The main types of drugs were antipyretic and detoxifying drugs，pharynx?benefiting drugs and wind?heat?dispelling drugs. Four groups of drugs were obtained by cluster analysis，and 6 core drugs were obtained by complex network analysis. Conclusion Professor Chang Ke treats cough mainly based on "restoring the dispersion and descent of lung qi". He is good at using Chinese medicines with the effect of removing heat and toxin, dispelling wind heat, resolving dampness and phlegm and benefiting throat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of San Yin Zhi Yi in the treatment of children with cough variant asthma LIANG Chaoqi, LONG Hongyan Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (1): 79-83.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.01.017 Abstract （2781）      PDF（pc） （1080KB）（2689）       Knowledge map    Save Pediatric cough variant asthma (CVA) is a common chronic respiratory disease primarily characterized by chronic cough. The exact etiology of CVA is not yet fully understood, but it is widely believed that the progression of the disease is influenced by various pathological factors, and is closely related to the patient's individual constitution, seasonal changes, and regional environmental characteristics. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) categorizes CVA under "wind cough", "wheezing cough", and "spasmodic cough", and pediatric CVA is managed according to the principle of "San Yin Zhi Yi"(three-cause adaptation), which involves personalized adjustments of the treatment plan based on the patient's constitution, seasonal changes and regional environment, reflecting the holistic treatment concept and syndrome-differentiation treatment of TCM. Therefore, this article discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric CVA from the perspectives of both TCM and modern medicine, based on the TCM principle of "San Yin Zhi Yi". It comprehensively considers the impact of factors such as constitution, season and environment on the onset and progression of the disease, exploring the application of San Yin Zhi Yi treatment for pediatric CVA from the three aspects of adapting to the season, region and individual. The aim is to provide a better theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the future TCM treatment of pediatric CVA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of "Method of regulating spleen to mediate qi movement" in pediatric diseases WU Min, PENG Yu, LIU Qiyan, SUN Haipeng, WU Hao, CHEN Yingyu, HUANG Jing Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 142-146.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.009 Abstract （1650）      PDF（pc） （1008KB）（2579）       Knowledge map    Save The transportation and transformation function of the spleen is based on the normal qi movement of the ascending of the spleen and the descending of the stomach.It needs to interact with the ascending of the liver and the descending of the lung to regulate the qi movement.The normal transportation of the spleen can "mediate" the qi movement of the four viscera and transform essence qi to nourish the five viscera.This article summarizes the entire process of the spleen′s transportation and transformation in four stages:"The stomach accepts and the spleen transports to generate essence,the spleen governs distribution and transformation to refine essence,the lung assists the spleen qi to disperse essence,and the spleen ascends and the intestines descend to transport essence",forming the academic thought of "the spleen governing the four essences".The following processes are further specified and visualized,including the digestion and absorption of food and water by the stomach,the ascending of the clear substances and the descending of the turbid substances by the spleen,and the distribution and transportation of the refined substances of the resulting qi and blood after further processing.Starting from the ascending and descending and pivoting of qi movement in the spleen and stomach,lung and liver,lung and stomach,and liver and spleen,the "method of regulating spleen to mediate qi movement" is used to regulate the ascending and descending functions of qi movement in the spleen and stomach,and liver and lung,and is closely combined with the pathogenesis,disease location,and treatment methods of pediatric diseases,which lays a foundation for its clinical application.The spleen of children is often insufficient in the physiological state,and the spleen and stomach are easily injured by diet,resulting in abnormal ascending and descending of qi movement in the spleen and stomach,so children often have spleen diseases.The "method of regulating spleen to mediate qi movement" includes various treatment methods,such as regulating the spleen to eliminate accumulation,regulating the spleen to eliminate distension,regulating the spleen to soothe the liver and reduce the adverse qi,and regulating the spleen to ventilate the lung and unblock the orifices.It is a comprehensive treatment approach that can quickly restore the transportation and transformation function of the spleen and also promote the recovery of the qi movement through "mediating the four viscera" by the spleen,which provides new ideas and methods for the treatment of pediatric diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine Siyuan HU, Qinglong GU, Xuefeng WANG, Fengying QIAO, Rong MA, Daxin LIU, Qiuhan CAI, Yan CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (5): 369-375.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.05.001 Abstract （49）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （642KB）（2485）       Knowledge map    Save The consensus has been developed to clarify the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine approach to the diagnosis，treatment，and clinical evaluation of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis. The development methods of the consensus included the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method，which comprised two rounds of expert questionnaire surveys and one face-to-face expert panel discussion. The main content covers scope，terms and definitions，overview，Western medicine diagnosis，traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation，integrated Chinese and Western treatment，and assessments of therapeutic efficacy and safety. The consensus is intended to provide a practical reference for standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis，offer methodological support for high-quality clinical research，and promote the translation and development of novel Chinese herbal medicines for children. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Jia Liujin's experience in treating atopic dermatitis in children based on the theory of "spleen bitterness and dampness" Jingnan XUE, Qing YANG, Yan ZHANG, Liujin JIA Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 45-49.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.009 Abstract （1636）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （585KB）（2360）       Knowledge map    Save Summarize Professor Jia Liujin's clinical experience in treating atopic dermatitis in children based on the theory of "spleen bitterness and dampness" in the Inner Classic. He establishes a pathogenesis framework of "dampness-heat as the core and spleen deficiency as the root", believing that the spleen of children is often insufficient and the internal generation of water and dampness is the root cause of the disease. The pathogenesis of this disease is manifested by the long-term accumulation of dampness transforming into heat or the internal generation of heat and the stagnation of dampness and heat. The combination of internal and external pathogenic factors is a factor that makes atopic dermatitis difficult to cure and prone to recurrence. The formation of blood stasis is the result of the long-term evolution of illness. In terms of treatment, Professor Jia advocates "strengthening the spleen to promote transportation, protecting the root cause", "clearing heat and drying dampness throughout the process", and "regulating and nourishing, emphasizing prevention". With "drying spleen with bitterness" as the guiding principle, Liumiao decoction (Atractylodes, Phellodendron amurense, Achyranthes bidentata, Coix seed, honeysuckle, Sophora sophora) is created as the basic formula to clear heat, dry dampness and strengthen the spleen, treating both symptoms and root causes, and flexibly adjusting the formula according to the stages. During the acute stage, add wind-dispelling and anti-itching products; during the chronic stage, supplement with blood-nourishing and blood-activating herbs; always take care of the spleen and stomach. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of Professor Jia embodies the traditional Chinese medicine characteristics of "strengthening the spleen and drying dampness throughout the process, treating in stages while taking into account both the symptoms and the root causes", providing a new path for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traditional Chinese medicine constitution analysis of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (syndrome of heart and liver fire hyperactivity) ZHOU Min, WANG Minhua, LI Yaqun Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (1): 54-58.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.01.011 Abstract （3149）      PDF（pc） （1113KB）（2084）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitution in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) (syndrome of heart and liver fire hyperactivity),and its relationship with symptoms and social function of the children.Methods A total of 70 children aged 7 to 14 years with ADHD (syndrome of heart and liver fire hyperactivity) were included in the study,who were treated in Yixing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2023 to May 2024.The TCM syndrome scoring,SNAP-Ⅳ and CGAS were used to evaluate the severity of the symptoms and the impact on social function of the children,and the TCM constitution distribution was divided according to the TCM constitution scale.Results TCM syndrome score was (18.54 ± 2.84) in ADHD children (syndrome of heart and liver fire hyperactivity).The average SNAP-Ⅳ score of the boys was (41.02±8.56),the average SNAP-Ⅳ score of the girls was (41.19±8.46),the average CGAS score of the boys was (63.12±6.83),and the average CGAS score of the girls was (63.75±6.65),which significantly affected the children′s social function and normal life activities; the severity of the disease was not related to gender(P>0.05).Unbalanced constitution was the main type of TCM constitution,totaling 42 cases (60%),and 28 cases (40%) were with balanced constitution.Among the children with unbalanced constitutions,the number of children with qi-stagnation constitution,yin-deficiency constitution and qi-deficiency constitution was the highest (≥10%); the children with yin-deficiency constitution had the longest course of disease ［(4.25±0.41) years］,and the children with balanced constitution had the shortest course of disease ［(1.74±0.33) years］.Conclusion The TCM syndrome score of the 70 children with ADHD(syndrome of heart and liver fire hyperactivity) in Yixing area included in this study is high,which has a significant impact on the social function of the children,but there is no gender difference.Unbalanced constitution is the main type in the distribution of constitution,and the disease course of ADHD (syndrome of heart and liver fire hyperactivity) is different in children with different constitutions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in epidemiological analysis and influencing factors of neonatal jaundice Lixin ZHAO, Haiyan GE Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 18-22.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.004 Abstract （1380）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （578KB）（2039）       Knowledge map    Save Neonatal jaundice is the most common symptom in the neonatal period. This article analyzes its epidemiological characteristics, influencing factors, and prevention and treatment, and systematically reviews the research progress in neonatal jaundice from 2020 to 2025. Epidemiological data show that there are significant regional differences in the incidence of neonatal jaundice. Globally, the incidence of neonatal jaundice is on the rise, with rates in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia(60%-80%) far exceeding those in high-income countries(20%-30%). In China, the incidence of neonatal jaundice is high and also on the rise, with higher rates in the north than in the south. The influencing factors include maternal pregnancy complications (such as diabetes and hypertension), hemolytic factors, neonatal genetic metabolic defects (such as G6PD deficiency and UGT1A1 mutation), infection, birth trauma, and environmental factors (such as delayed breastfeeding). Portable transcutaneous bilirubinometers and mobile monitoring have improved screening efficiency, and various therapies have developed successively. In the future, it is necessary to focus on precision medicine, closely integrate with science and technology, and pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment levels in different regions, in order to improve the health outcomes of newborns worldwide. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Data mining-based analysis of medication patterns of modern renowned traditional Chinese medicine physicians for tic disorders Yuanhang SUN, Dongmei LI Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (4): 281-286.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.04.002 Abstract （1584）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （657KB）（2003）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To elucidate the common syndrome differentiation approaches and core prescription strategies of modern renowned traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians in treating tic disorders using the TCM Inheritance Computing Platform（V3.5）. Methods Literature on renowned TCM physicians' treatment for tic disorders was collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP Chinese Sci-Tech Journal Database from January 2000 to February 2025. Prescriptions for tic disorders were input into the TCM Inheritance Computing Platform（V3.5） for statistical analysis of frequency of medicinal use, association rules, cluster analysis, channel tropism of property and flavor, and efficacy. Results A total of 78 articles which met the inclusion criteria were collected, involving the experience of 61 renowned TCM physicians, and 104 prescriptions comprising 214 medicinal substances were included. Medicinal properties were predominantly cold and neutral; flavors were primarily sweet and bitter; channel tropism focused on the liver, lung, and spleen. The core combination was Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), supplemented by the core prescription of Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos), Muli (Ostreae Concha), Quanxie (Scorpio), and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). Conclusion The primary treatment principle of modern renowned TCM physicians for tic disorders is softening the liver and extinguishing wind, complemented by strategies such as calming the liver and purging fire, fortifying the spleen and resolving phlegm, and diffusing the lung and dispelling pathogens. Attention should be paid to syndrome differentiation and simultaneous treatment of root causes and symptoms, and the medicines used mainly include liver-calming and wind-extinguishing agents, tonics, and exterior-releasing substances. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the pathogenesis of precocious puberty in children from the perspectives of Tiangui and Xianghuo theories Hui LI, Jin YE, Shouchuan WANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 199-202.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.002 Abstract （1447）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （497KB）（1976）       Knowledge map    Save The arrival of Tiangui marks and triggers sexual maturation in children, and its premature arrival inevitably leads to precocious puberty. In modern pediatric traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) it is believed that "kidney?yin deficiency with hyperactivity of Xianghuo" is the primary pathogenesis of precocious puberty. Professor Wang Shouchuan believes that there exists an intrinsic connection between "premature arrival of Tiangui" and "hyperactivity of Xianghuo", which belong to different stages of precocious puberty. He innovatively proposes a stage?differentiated pathological mechanism theory: the early stage can be referred to as incomplete central precocious puberty, which is caused by factors such as dietary imbalance and emotional stress, leading to liver?kidney?yin deficiency and hyperactivity of Xianghuo; the manifestations include initial signs of secondary sexual characteristics accompanied by irritability, night sweats, etc. the treatment focuses on "nourishing kidney yin and purging Xianghuo". Late stage can be referred to as complete central precocious puberty, in which hyperactivity of Xianghuo triggers the "Junhuo descending to mingle with kidney water", thereby activating the "arrival of Tiangui"; this accelerates sexual maturation, and the treatment must shift to "purging Junhuo and nourishing kidney yin", aiming to block the convergence of the Junhuo and Xianghuo so as to delay the arrival of Tiangui. Exploring the TCM pathogenesis of precocious puberty based on the theories of "Tiangui" and "Xianghuo", and integrating classical theories, renowned physicians' clinical experience and modern medical achievements, helps to optimize TCM diagnosis and treatment strategies for precocious puberty. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differentiated treatment for central precocious puberty based on the five viscera and the theory of "Tiangui" Yuanjun LU, Na CHEN, Yang YANG, Man CHENG, Duojian LI, Qiuyue LI, Zhu CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 203-207.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.003 Abstract （1903）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （547KB）（1976）       Knowledge map    Save The theory of Tiangui has a long history, which has a strict chronological sequence, and the early arrival of Tiangui is closely related to the occurrence of precocious puberty. Currently, the treatment for central precocious puberty is mostly based on the theory of liver and kidney. Based on the theory of Tiangui, this article discusses the regulatory influence of the five viscera on Tiangui, and explores the differentiated treatment for central precocious puberty based on the five viscera. Although the locus of precocious puberty is not separated from the kidneys, the disease mechanism is not separated from fire?heat. However, the development of precocious puberty is affected by the regulation of Tiangui by the five viscera. If the functions of the liver, spleen and lungs are normal, the heart is clear and the yin and yang in the kidneys are balanced, then there will be no violation of Tiangui. If the axis of the five viscera-Tiangui-reproductive organs is normal, Tiangui follows the chronological sequence of overflow and excretion. When differentiated treatment for precocious puberty is performed, the deficiency and excess of qi, blood, yin and yang of the five viscera should be considered as a whole, and tonifying the kidneys, dredging the liver, ventilating the lungs, activating the spleen and clearing the heart should be the main rules of treatment; thus, the normal chronological sequence of Tiangui can be restored by regulating the balance of yin and yang of the five viscera. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Xiaoer Kesou syrup for post infectious cough based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology ZHOU Zhenhua, WU Zhenqi, GU Yexin, LI Jiaochang, LI Meiqi, ZHANG Xining, WU Meitong, QI Zhaodong, LIN Yichen Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (2): 109-115.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.02.003 Abstract （1121）      PDF（pc） （2198KB）（1808）       Knowledge map    Save Objective:To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Xiaoer Kesou syrup for post infectious cough(PIC) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches.Methods:Multiple databases were used for systemic analysis and prediction.Active components of Xiaoer Kesou syrup were identified via the TCMSP,structural validation was made based on PubChem database,and the potential targets of action were predicted through Swiss Target Prediction platform.PIC related targets were retrieved from OMIM,PharmGKB,and GeneCards databases.Venn analysis was used to establish shared target sets between drug and disease.Cytoscape 3-8-2 was adopted to construct multi dimensional interaction network model,including "drugm component target disease" network and protein protein interaction(PPI) network derived from STRING databases,to identify core bioactive substances and core target proteins.Gene ontology(GO) functional analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis were achieved by Metascape platform,and pathway target networks were visualized.Molecular docking validation was conducted using AutoDock Vina to evaluate the ligand receptor binding affinity.Results:Totally 18 active components in the Xiaoer Kesou syrup and 273 drug disease shared targets were identified.Core targets mainly involved TP53,AKT1,EGFR,IL6,and SRC.Enrichment analysis showed that the pathways of action mainly involved cancer related signaling transduction (hsa05200),PI3K/AKT signaling cascade (hsa04151),and development mechanism of atherosclerosis(hsa05417).Molecular docking confirmed stable binding affinities between key components and core targets(AKT1,SRC),in which the docking affinity was relatively high between proscillaridin A,formononetin and AKT1,SRC,showing significant binding advantages.Conclusion:Xiaoer Kesou syrup exerts therapeutic effects on post infectious cough through multi component regulation of multiple targets and pathways,and its mechanism of action may involve anti inflam mation,antivirus,immunomodulation and other aspects.This study preliminarily validates its pharmacological mechanisms in the treatment of post infectious cough,providing novel insights for clinical PIC treatment.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation on the clinical efficacy of Xiaoer Dingchuan granule in the intervention of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia(syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking the lung) LI Ruixue, WANG Xuefeng, TAN Chunying, MENG Bin, ZHANG Xiuying, WANG Hui, LI Zhaoyang Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (1): 87-91.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.01.019 Abstract （1516）      PDF（pc） （1122KB）（1709）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xiaoer Dingchuan granule in the intervention of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking the lung) in children.Methods A total of 72 children with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking the lung) admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Liaoning Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Benxi Manzu Autonomous County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects,who were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 36 cases in each group.The control group received basic treatment,and the observation group received Xiaoer Dingchuan granule in addition to the treatment for the control group.After 7 days of treatment,the clinical efficacy,TCM syndrome efficacy,single symptom remission time,disappearance time and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the clinical effect and TCM syndrome effect of the observation group were better than those of the control group.The remission time of wheezing,cough,gurgling with sputum and fever in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).No adverse events occurred in the observation group.One case in the control group had nausea and vomiting,which disappeared after treatment.Conclusion Xiaoer Dingchuan granule has a positive therapeutic effect in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia (syndrome of phlegm-heat blocking the lung);the clinical effect is good,accelerating the disappearance of symptoms,and clinical application safety is high,which is worthy of clinical promotion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Wang Xuefeng's experience in treating functional abdominal pain in children based on the theory of "treating middle Jiao through balancing" Shiqing XU, Bin XIE, Xuefeng WANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (3): 260-263.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.03.014 Abstract （1867）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （450KB）（1661）       Knowledge map    Save Functional abdominal pain in children is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with a complex etiology involving physiological, psychological, and social factors. In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), this condition falls under the category of "abdominal pain" and is closely related to the dysfunction of the spleen, liver, kidney, and stomach. Based on years of clinical experience, Professor Wang Xuefeng explores the treatment principles and methods for functional abdominal pain in children based on the theory of "treating middle Jiao through balancing", employing strategies such as simultaneous dredging and tonifying, treating cold and heat simultaneously, and balancing ascending and descending. These approaches aim to restore the dynamic balance of spleen and stomach function, thereby achieving the goal of treating and preventing functional abdominal pain in children. This article summarizes Professor Wang Xuefeng's clinical experience with the aim of providing guidance for clinical practice and improving the efficacy of treatment for functional abdominal pain in children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of influenza in children Wei SHAO, Xifan MEI, Feng WANG, Fei YU, Sunjun YIN, Dan HAN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2025, 17 (5): 418-423.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2025.05.010 Abstract （1701）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （801KB）（1584）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness of Xiaoer Feire Kechuan granules（XFK）with that of oseltamivir phosphate granules in the treatment of pediatric influenza to evaluate their economic value. Methods A decision tree model was developed from the perspective of the healthcare system to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate how parameter variations influenced the study outcomes. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER) of XFK compared to oseltamivir phosphate granules was ￥96.8. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis results showed that over a 5-day treatment cycle, when the willingness-to-pay(WTP) exceeded ￥260, XFK became the more cost-effective option. Univariate sensitivity analysis indicated that the price of oseltamivir phosphate granules was the most sensitive factor among all the factors of ICER. Conclusion When the willingness-to-pay is over ￥260, XFK demonstrates a cost-effective advantage in the treatment of pediatric influenza. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics