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Case examples of Dong Youqi's application of Erchen decoction and its derivatives prescriptions in treating infantile phlegm-damp syndrome Wanying CHANG, Youqi DONG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 67-70.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.013 Abstract （1542）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （516KB）（3595）       Knowledge map    Save Erchen decoction is the fundamental prescription for treating phlegm-damp syndrome and has been praised as "the general prescription for resolving phlegm" by physicians in the past dynasties. Children are constitutionally frail and prone to dampness retention and phlegm production due to dysfunction of the spleen in transportation; internal obstruction by phlegm-dampness can lead to multiple system disorders involving the respiratory, digestive and emotional systems. Considering the physiological characteristics of children such as "inherent splenic insufficiency" and "inherent pulmonary insufficiency", and based on the pathogenic theory that "the spleen is the source of phlegm production and the lung is the container for phlegm storage", Professor Dong Youqi adheres to the therapeutic principle of "regulating qi first for phlegm treatment and invigorating the spleen to cut off the source of phlegm". He flexibly applies Erchen decoction and its derivative prescriptions including Wendan decoction and Liujunzi decoction, with modifications tailored to syndromes, addressing both the symptoms and the root causes of the disease. These prescriptions have been widely used in the treatment of phlegm-dampness-related pediatric disorders such as cough, food stagnation, anorexia, vertigo, insomnia and emotional disorders, achieving remarkable therapeutic effects. This paper cites three typical medical cases as evidence, reflecting Professor Dong's academic thought of "diagnosing diseases and formulating treatments based on theoretical inference", and providing valuable clinical experience for the application of Erchen decoction and its derivative prescriptions in the treatment of infantile phlegm-damp syndrome. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A network Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of guideline-recommended external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine for anorexia in children Zhonghe ZENG, Longming LEI, Jun ZHAO, Qiongxiao WANG, Lin FU, Mengyun WU, Danlu SU, Guanghui CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 23-30.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.005 Abstract （1893）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1069KB）（3436）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of guideline-recommended non-pharmacological TCM therapies for pediatric anorexia via a network Meta-analysis. Methods RCTs from CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to March 2025 were searched. Quality assessment used ROB 2.0,and data were analyzed with Stata 18.0. Results Thirty-eight RCTs (3 546 patients) covering pricking at Sifeng points, acupoint application, pediatric Tuina, and their combinations were included. Pricking at Sifeng points+pediatric Tuina was most likely the best intervention for overall clinical effectiveness(SUCRA=78.9%) and serum zinc improvement(SUCRA=95.1%).Pediatric Tuina+oral medication ranked highest for improving serum iron(SUCRA=85.7%) and serum calcium(SUCRA=83.4%). Conclusion Pricking at Sifeng points plus pediatric Tuina is recommended for overall efficacy and serum zinc, while pediatric Tuina with oral medication performs better for serum iron and calcium. Therapy selection should be individualized based on serological indicators. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and efficacy evaluation of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine Siyuan HU, Qinglong GU, Xuefeng WANG, Fengying QIAO, Rong MA, Daxin LIU, Qiuhan CAI, Yan CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (5): 369-375.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.05.001 Abstract （49）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （642KB）（2485）       Knowledge map    Save The consensus has been developed to clarify the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine approach to the diagnosis，treatment，and clinical evaluation of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis. The development methods of the consensus included the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method，which comprised two rounds of expert questionnaire surveys and one face-to-face expert panel discussion. The main content covers scope，terms and definitions，overview，Western medicine diagnosis，traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation，integrated Chinese and Western treatment，and assessments of therapeutic efficacy and safety. The consensus is intended to provide a practical reference for standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis，offer methodological support for high-quality clinical research，and promote the translation and development of novel Chinese herbal medicines for children. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Professor Jia Liujin's experience in treating atopic dermatitis in children based on the theory of "spleen bitterness and dampness" Jingnan XUE, Qing YANG, Yan ZHANG, Liujin JIA Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 45-49.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.009 Abstract （1636）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （585KB）（2360）       Knowledge map    Save Summarize Professor Jia Liujin's clinical experience in treating atopic dermatitis in children based on the theory of "spleen bitterness and dampness" in the Inner Classic. He establishes a pathogenesis framework of "dampness-heat as the core and spleen deficiency as the root", believing that the spleen of children is often insufficient and the internal generation of water and dampness is the root cause of the disease. The pathogenesis of this disease is manifested by the long-term accumulation of dampness transforming into heat or the internal generation of heat and the stagnation of dampness and heat. The combination of internal and external pathogenic factors is a factor that makes atopic dermatitis difficult to cure and prone to recurrence. The formation of blood stasis is the result of the long-term evolution of illness. In terms of treatment, Professor Jia advocates "strengthening the spleen to promote transportation, protecting the root cause", "clearing heat and drying dampness throughout the process", and "regulating and nourishing, emphasizing prevention". With "drying spleen with bitterness" as the guiding principle, Liumiao decoction (Atractylodes, Phellodendron amurense, Achyranthes bidentata, Coix seed, honeysuckle, Sophora sophora) is created as the basic formula to clear heat, dry dampness and strengthen the spleen, treating both symptoms and root causes, and flexibly adjusting the formula according to the stages. During the acute stage, add wind-dispelling and anti-itching products; during the chronic stage, supplement with blood-nourishing and blood-activating herbs; always take care of the spleen and stomach. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of Professor Jia embodies the traditional Chinese medicine characteristics of "strengthening the spleen and drying dampness throughout the process, treating in stages while taking into account both the symptoms and the root causes", providing a new path for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in epidemiological analysis and influencing factors of neonatal jaundice Lixin ZHAO, Haiyan GE Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 18-22.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.004 Abstract （1380）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （578KB）（2039）       Knowledge map    Save Neonatal jaundice is the most common symptom in the neonatal period. This article analyzes its epidemiological characteristics, influencing factors, and prevention and treatment, and systematically reviews the research progress in neonatal jaundice from 2020 to 2025. Epidemiological data show that there are significant regional differences in the incidence of neonatal jaundice. Globally, the incidence of neonatal jaundice is on the rise, with rates in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia(60%-80%) far exceeding those in high-income countries(20%-30%). In China, the incidence of neonatal jaundice is high and also on the rise, with higher rates in the north than in the south. The influencing factors include maternal pregnancy complications (such as diabetes and hypertension), hemolytic factors, neonatal genetic metabolic defects (such as G6PD deficiency and UGT1A1 mutation), infection, birth trauma, and environmental factors (such as delayed breastfeeding). Portable transcutaneous bilirubinometers and mobile monitoring have improved screening efficiency, and various therapies have developed successively. In the future, it is necessary to focus on precision medicine, closely integrate with science and technology, and pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment levels in different regions, in order to improve the health outcomes of newborns worldwide. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring the treatment for childhood tic disorders by the Huxiang Medical School based on data mining Lipeng SHAO, Yan HU Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 54-59.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.011 Abstract （1432）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （836KB）（1560）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Using data mining techniques to analyze the clinical experience and medication characteristics of the Huxiang School of Pediatric Medicine in treating pediatric tic disorders, this study aims to provide insights and references for the clinical management of pediatric tic disorders. Methods By collecting prescriptions for treating pediatric tic disorders from Essence of Famous Doctors' Classics in Huxiang, we input the data into Excel 2021 to establish a database. Using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 platform, we analyzed the standardized TCM prescription data, including drug usage frequency, properties and flavors, meridian tropism, efficacy, association rules, and hierarchical clustering. The results were visualized using Origin 2024 and ModelerClient. Results A total of 127 TCM prescriptions were included, involving 117 Chinese medicinal herbs, with a total drug usage frequency of 995 times. Regarding properties and flavors, the dominant properties were warm and cold, while the predominant flavors were pungent and sweet. In terms of meridian tropism, the lung and spleen meridians were the most frequently involved, followed by the liver and heart meridians. Analysis of drug association rules revealed commonly used drug combinations, including "Bombyx Batryticatus(Jiangcan)–Scorpio (Quanxie), Typhonium Rhizome(Baifuzi)" and "Gastrodia Rhizome(Tianma)–Typhonium Rhizome(Baifuzi), Scorpio(Quanxie)".Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on high-frequency herbs with usage frequency>5, resulting in 6 clusters, which were as follows:C1: Glycyrrhiza Radix et Rhizoma(Gancao), Paeoniae Radix Alba(Baishao), Cinnamomi Ramulus(Guizhi), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium(Chenpi), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens(Shengjiang);C2: Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fangfeng), Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuanxiong), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix(Qianghuo), Aurantii Fructus(Zhike), Angelicae Pubescentis Radix(Duhuo), Peucedani Radix(Qianhu), Platycodonis Radix(Jiegeng), Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma(Dahuang), Ephedrae Herba(Mahuang), Scutellariae Radix(Huangqin), Menthae Herba(Bohe), Schizonepetae Herba(Jingjie), Talcum(Huashi);C3: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui), Poria cum Radix Pini(Fushen), Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis(Gouteng), Ophiopogonis Radix(Maidong), Akebiae Caulis(Mutang);C4: Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen), Poria(Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu), Aucklandiae Radix(Muxiang), Glycyrrhizae Preparata Radix(Zhigancao), Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)C5: Scorpio(Quanxie), Bombyx Batryticatus(Jiangcan), Gastrodia Rhizome(Tianma), Typhonium Rhizome(Baifuzi), Arisaema Cum Bile(Dannanxing), Amber(Hupo), Cinnabaris(Zhusha), Moschus(Shexiang), Bovis Calculus(Niuhuang), Bambusae Concretio Silicea(Tianzhuhuang), Scolopendra(Wugong), Pinelliae Rhizoma(Banxia);C6: Natrii Sulfas(Mangxiao). Conclusion The Huxiang School of Pediatric Medicine treats pediatric tic disorders mostly from the perspectives of soothing the liver, regulating the spleen and resolving phlegm, forming a distinctive approach characterized by "tonifying the acquired foundation and focusing on benefiting qi and invigorating the spleen, with soothing the liver to calm endogenous wind and resolving phlegm to stop convulsions as auxiliary therapies". It features a clear differentiation between the principal and auxiliary treatments, synergistic effects of medicinal categories and rigorous compatibility of herbs, and adheres to the core philosophy of "taking invigorating the spleen as the root and calming wind to resolve phlegm as the apparent treatment". Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the treatment for pediatric cough variant asthma from the theory of "liver ascending and lung descending" Siang HAN, Xinye ZHANG, Yichen LIN, Chang CAI, Zhenqi WU Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 40-44.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.008 Abstract （1613）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （635KB）（1291）       Knowledge map    Save Cough variant asthma(CVA) in children is a common chronic cough disorder in pediatric period, which is classified under the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) categories of "cough" and "wind-cough". Characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, this condition features prolonged duration and recurrent episodes, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. While in modern medical treatments, inhaled corticosteroids are used to control symptoms, they face limitations such as poor patient compliance and frequent relapses. Based on the TCM theory of "liver ascending and lung descending", this study systematically explores the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of CVA. The liver governs ascending functions while the lung regulates descending functions, and they jointly control the ascending and descending of qi flow. In children, there exists "liver excess and lung deficiency", which brings about liver qi stagnation transforming into fire and invading the lungs, or impaired lung function leading to abnormal qi descending, and all these ultimately result in cough. Pathological evolution involves multiple states, including liver dysfunction, hyperactive liver fire, upward disturbance of liver yang, and liver yin deficiency. Treatment focuses on restoring the dynamic balance of "liver ascending and lung descending", employing methods such as regulating liver and smoothing qi, reducing liver fire, calming liver and suppressing wind, and softening liver and nourishing yin. These approaches are used to harmonize qi flow and coordinate organ functions, providing theoretical foundations and clinical guidance for TCM differential treatment of pediatric CVA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment for pediatric upper airway cough syndrome based on the "Xuanfu and Qi-Fluid Theory" Fang CHENG, Hong XIANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 31-34.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.006 Abstract （1495）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （533KB）（1259）       Knowledge map    Save This paper applies the theory of Xuanfu and Qi-fluid to diagnose and treat upper airway cough syndrome(UACS), reinterpreting its pathogenesis from the microscopic level of Qi-fluid metabolism. It is believed that blockage of Xuanfu channels and impaired dispersion of Qi-fluids constitute the fundamental pathogenesis of UACS. Therapeutic management employs a phased, dynamic approach based on "unblocking Xuanfu and regulating fluids": The acute phase focuses on opening the Xuanfu to expel pathogens and promoting pungent dispersion to unblock orifices. The transition phase emphasizes resolving phlegm and draining dampness, removing stasis and unblocking collaterals. The remission phase concentrates on strengthening the spleen and nourishing the lungs, consolidating the Xuanfu and replenishing fluids. The goal is to promote the free flow of Qi and fluids, restoring the normal physiological functions of the Xuanfu. This approach expands the application scope of Xuanfu theory and pathogenesis of UACS, and provides new insights and methods for its diagnosis and treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in neurobehavioral assessment and early intervention for preterm infants Danyang QU, Yuqian WANG, Liu YANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 6-11.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.002 Abstract （1072）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （585KB）（1101）       Knowledge map    Save Premature infants often face the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders because they do not complete the key neurodevelopmental stage of full-term pregnancy. Neurobehavioral assessment refers to the early identification of developmental risks through neonatal motor examination (such as spontaneous movement, postural control and reflex behavior) and scale tools (such as NBNA, TIMP, GMS, etc.), which can provide effective intervention basis for clinical practice. Multimodal early intervention strategies, including desensitization therapy, postural management, audiovisual and exercise training, can effectively improve the developmental prognosis of premature infants in the critical period of neuroplasticity. With the progress in science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the field of neurobehavioral assessment and early intervention. AI can not only assist neurobehavioral assessment and early intervention therapy, but also help to establish the system of neurodevelopmental follow-up. Although the existing clinical practice has shown significant results, it is still necessary to strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration to develop a more reasonable and effective intervention model. It is expected to achieve a more perfect early intervention system in the future to further improve the neurodevelopmental prognosis of premature infants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience of Professor Jia Liujin in treating pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough Qing YANG, Jingnan XUE, Liujin JIA Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (2): 111-115.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.02.004 Abstract （2099）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （577KB）（912）       Knowledge map    Save Professor Jia Liujin believes that lung qi depression and closure is the core mechanism of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough, and that relieving depression and opening up closure is the main method of treatment for this disease, so he proposes a sequential therapy that focuses on dispersing lung qi in the early stage, clearing in the middle stage, and tonifying in the late stage. The article also summarizes Professor Jia's experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough, pointing out that it is important to focus on the identification of early pneumonia in the clinical diagnosis and treatment process, and summarizes the experience of using single and pair of medicines, which provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pediatric pneumonia with dyspnea and cough. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An applied study on constructing a neonatal hyperbilirubinemia risk prediction model based on machine learning Xue DING, Mingming CUI, Mengjie ZHOU, Ximeng LOU Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 12-17.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.003 Abstract （1090）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （598KB）（833）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate high-risk factors for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(NHB) and establish and evaluate a NHB risk prediction model using multiple machine learning methods, providing evidence for NHB prevention and treatment research. Methods The neonates from the pediatric outpatient and inpatient departments of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital were enrolled. Data on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were collected via questionnaire surveys. Statistical analysis was performed using the Scikitlearn machine learning software in Python3, with the Logistic regression algorithm employed to screen for hyperbilirubinemia-related indicators. Simulated data with varying sample sizes were generated from longitudinal physical examination cohort samples. Six machine learning algorithms were applied to establish neonatal hyperbilirubinemia risk prediction models. The ability and accuracy of these models to distinguish neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). Results Among the six machine learning algorithms, the Random Forest model demonstrated the best overall performance. Key features ranking highly in this risk prediction model included pregnancy diseases, neonatal hemolytic disease, abnormal postnatal symptoms(infection), and preterm birth status. Conclusion The machine learning-based risk prediction model for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia holds clinical diagnostic value for its prevention and management. The resulting neonatal jaundice management system enables enhanced monitoring and management of high-risk infants, thereby reducing or preventing complications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine diagnosis and treatment and management of infantile functional dyspepsia syndrome Xuefeng WANG, Jie WU, Sitang GONG, Lei XIONG, Hua XU, Xiaoqin LI Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (4): 277-282.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.04.001 Abstract （456）   HTML （14）    PDF（pc） （665KB）（724）       Knowledge map    Save Infantile functional dyspepsia syndrome is a common syndrome complex of digestive system in children aged 0 to 3 years. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by such symptoms as decreased appetite, belching and abdominal distension, retching or vomiting, repeated crying, abdominal pain, and abnormal defecation, which seriously affect the growth, development and quality of life of infants. Both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine have certain advantages in the treatment and management of this disease. Led by the National Clinical Collaboration Group for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Pediatric Functional Dyspepsia—a major difficult disease program, the consensus was developed through cooperation with integrated TCM and western medicine experts in pediatric gastroenterology, experts in pediatric Tuina and external therapy, and experts in methodology. Based on the concept of integrating TCM and western medicine, this consensus clarifies the diagnostic criteria and key points of TCM syndrome differentiation, and establishes a comprehensive intervention system centered on protecting and reinforcing the spleen and stomach. Western medicine focuses on nutritional management and feeding guidance, recommending appropriate formula milk and scientific complementary feeding. TCM interventions mainly include pediatric Tuina, acupoint application, and dietary therapy, combined with personalized care guidance. This consensus provides a basis for standardized clinical diagnosis, treatment and family care, which is of great significance in increasing the level of integrated TCM and western medicine in the management of this disease. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy analysis of foot bath with Jiebiao Toure decoction combined with meridian scraping in the treatment of exogenous fever (wind-heat type) in children Xuejiao WANG, Chen SHEN, Miao YU, Yiwen GAO, Heng LI Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (2): 168-173.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.02.014 Abstract （2101）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （638KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the intervention effect of foot bath with Jiebiao Toure decoction (decoction for resolving symptoms and clearing heat) combined with meridian scraping on children with wind-heat-type exogenous fever. Method A total of 100 children with exogenous fever (wind-heat type) admitted to Pediatric Department of Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine from April 2024 to October 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, each consisting of 50 cases. The control group received conventional treatment with western medicines, while the observation group received the treatment of foot bath with Jiebiao Toure decoction combined with meridian scraping in addition to the conventional western treatment. The total clinical effective rate after 3 days of treatment, changes in TCM symptom scores (red throat, nasal congestion, runny nose and cough), body temperature at each time point, time of complete defervescence, onset time of defervescence, frequency of antipyretic drug use, and average length of hospital stay were observed in both groups. Result There were 4 cases of loss of follow-up in the control group and 3 cases of dropping out in the observation group, and finally 93 patients completed the whole course of observation (46 in the control group and 47 in the observation group). The total effective rate was 89.4% (42/47) in the observation group, higher than the control group (71.7%, 33/46), and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The symptom scores of red throat, runny nose and nasal congestion significantly decreased after treatment compared to before treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in symptom score of cough(P>0.05).The measurements at 1.5 h, 48 h and 72 h after treatment showed that the body temperature of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and all the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The time of complete defervescence, the onset time of defervescence and the average length of hospital stay were shorter in the observation group than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of antipyretic drug use between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of Chinese herbal medicine foot bath with meridian scraping can reduce the body temperature of children and improve clinical symptoms, has a significant antipyretic effect, and effectively shortens the treatment cycle. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential treatment for pediatric chronic cough based on the theory of "Xuanfu-Qiye-Sanjiao" Yumeng SU, Oumei HAO, Xuefeng WANG, Kexin ZHANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (4): 309-313.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.04.007 Abstract （197）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （556KB）（530）       Knowledge map    Save Chronic cough in children is one of the common diseases during childhood and adolescence with a prolonged course， and modern medical treatments often face problems of high recurrence rate. Traditional Chinese medicine shows unique advantages in the treatment of this disease. This article takes the "Xuanfu–Qiye–Sanjiao" theory as the entry point， and combines Liu Wansu's "Xuanfu Qiye" theory with the traditional Sanjiao theory to explore the association between its pathophysiology and pediatric chronic cough. Based on this theory， the core pathological mechanism can be summarized as the failure of Xuanfu in opening and closing， the disordered transportation of Qiye， and the abnormal functioning of the Sanjiao in dispersing and descending. Therefore， treatment should focus on "opening Xuanfu， regulating Qiye， and unblocking the Sanjiao" to break the pathological cycle mentioned above, fundamentally solving the problem of prolonged and refractory chronic cough in children. The prescription used is "Sanren decoction"，which aligns with the principles of "dispersing the upper Jiao， regulating the middle Jiao， and draining the lower Jiao" to work together to open Xuanfu and unblock the Sanjiao to restore Qi transformation. Its overall multi-target and multi-level regulatory effects correspond to modern pathological mechanisms involved in pediatric chronic cough， such as "airway hyperreactivity， chronic inflammation， and immune disorder", which ultimately achieves the effect of proper circulation of Qiye, and the cough stops. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Systematic analysis of pediatric Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations included in the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Muyuan WAN, Pengfei YI, Qingyi XU, Jinsong YAN, Tian ZHANG, Liqin LIU, Mengqi CHEN, Qingqing LI Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 60-66.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.012 Abstract （2052）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （762KB）（500）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate and analyze the status of pediatric Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations included in the 2025 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Volume I), in order to provide reference for the rational use of pediatric Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations in clinical practice. Methods Based on the contents contained in the 2025 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Volume I), the current status of pediatric Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations was systematically analyzed in terms of varieties, dosage forms, efficacy and indications, usage and dosage, and safety information, and the prescription rules of high-frequency drugs were explored. Results The 2025 edition contains 1 616 kinds of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations, including 100 kinds of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations for children whose names include "child" and "pediatric", accounting for 6.19%, while in the 2020 edition, there are 53 kinds of Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations for children, so the 2025 edition contains 47 more than the 2020 edition. There are 642 kinds of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations that can be used for children, and 61 kinds of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations that should be used with caution or must be prohibited. The main efficacy of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations for children is cough-relieving and asthma-relieving (21%), and the main dosage form is granules (24%). A majority of the medicines (65%) has usage based on specific age classification, but not many with adverse reactions clarified, accounting for only 26% of specific drugs for children. SPSS Statistics 21.0 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software were used to conduct systematic cluster analysis and association rule analysis on high-frequency drugs (frequency>10). Four cluster prescriptions were obtained, C1: malt, Shenqu, hawthorn, betel nut, Poria cocos, tangerine peel, Atractylodes macrocephala, Ophiopogon japonicus; C2: Pueraria lobata, buffalo horn, Forsythia suspensa, Isatis root, honeysuckle, Scutellaria baicalensis, Bupleurum chinense, Rheum palmatum, Gardenia jasminoides; C3: bezoar, borneol, musk, Coptis chinensis, cinnabar, peppermint; C4: bitter almond, gypsum, Platycodon grandiflorum, Scrophularia suspensa, Anemarrhena chinensis, Bulbus fritillaria, licorice. Conclusion The development of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations for children in China has some problems, such as lack of specific varieties, unclear usage and dosage, and non-standard functions and indications. We should encourage R&D and innovation, improve drug standards, strengthen clinical research, strengthen rational drug use guidance and establish a monitoring system and adopt other measures, which can effectively improve the current situation of the use of traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations for pediatric use, improve its safety and effectiveness, and better safeguard children's health. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the association between vitamin D and acute inflammation complicated by anemia in children Yawen SONG, Bo CHEN Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 77-81.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.015 Abstract （1264）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （557KB）（444）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the expression level and correlations of vitamin D in children with acute inflammation complicated by anemia, so as to provide a basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of this condition in children. Methods The children aged 1-14 years who were treated at the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University between October 2023 and March 2025 were prospectively recruited as the research subjects. Among them, there were 100 cases in the group of acute inflammation complicated by anemia, 100 cases in the group of acute inflammation without anemia, and 100 cases in the healthy control group. The clinical data and laboratory parameters of the three groups of children were measured and compared. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors for the occurrence of acute inflammation complicated by anemia in children and to investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and acute inflammation complicated by anemia in children. Results The levels of 25(OH)D and Hb in the group of acute inflammation with anemia and the group of acute inflammation without anemia were lower than those in the healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Comparing the group of acute inflammation with anemia with the group of acute inflammation without anemia, the differences in the levels of CRP, PCT, and 25(OH)D were statistically significant. When the above indicators were introduced into the multivariate Logistic regression analysis model, the analysis results showed that low 25(OH)D level, and high CRP and PCT levels were risk factors for the occurrence of acute inflammation with anemia in children, and the thresholds of the three were 48.25 μg/L, 27.76 ng/L, and 0.91 mg/L, respectively; their AUCs were 0.850, 0.705, and 0.754, respectively, and the area under the curve of the combined application was 0.913, which indicated that the diagnostic efficiency of the combined application of the three was higher. Conclusions Low vitamin D levels and high inflammatory mediator levels are risk factors for the incidence of acute inflammation complicated by anemia. Vitamin D supplementation may contribute to reducing the incidence of acute inflammation complicated by anemia. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation on the treatment for tic disorders in children by Jingling oral solution Min KONG, Hui LI, Yuena GAO, Feng ZHANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (4): 340-343.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.04.013 Abstract （221）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （534KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Jingling oral solution in the treatment of transient tic disorders in children. Methods A total of 60 children with tic disorders treated in the Pediatric Outpatient Department of Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from September 2022 to September 2024 were enrolled as research subjects and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with Jingling oral solution, while the control group received tiapride hydrochloride. Both groups were treated for one course of treatment (3 months). The clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and standardized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scoring scale, and the safety of the medications was assessed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). The YGTSS scores of both groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant intergroup difference in YGTSS scores before or after treatment (P>0.05). The TCM syndrome scores of both groups decreased after treatment, and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in the observation group after treatment, whereas mild adverse reactions occurred in the control group. Conclusion Jingling oral solution can effectively alleviate tic symptoms and TCM syndromes in children with transient tic disorders of Yin?deficiency and wind?stirring syndrome, with favorable medication safety. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of the current situation of spleen and stomach diseases among primary school students in Qixingguan District, Bijie City Tianci LUO, Lili DONG, Feilong CHEN, Neng CAI, Xiaomei YAN, Yuehong LU, Yanhuan REN, Jing LIU, Xudong WANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 88-92.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.017 Abstract （913）   HTML （3）    PDF（pc） （567KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the current situation of spleen and stomach disorders among primary school students in Qixingguan District, Bijie City, analyze common pathogenic factors. Methods A questionnaire was designed and randomly distributed to parents of primary school students in Qixingguan District, Bijie City. Data on basic demographics, symptoms of spleen and stomach disorders, scale scores, and influencing factors were collected and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1 950 questionnaires were recovered, with 1 894 valid responses retained. No significant differences were found in the incidence of spleen and stomach disorders among primary school students in terms of being Han ethnicity or not, age, being natural birth or not, being full-term birth or not, being single-parent family or not, being reconstituted family or not, or being left-behind children or not(P>0.05). Significant risk factors for spleen and stomach disorders included: frequent eating at roadside stalls, long-term indoor smoking of parents, eating within one hour before bedtime, persistent negative or depressed mood, daily screen time exceeding two hours, consumption of raw or cold food at least once a week, consumption of spicy food at least once a week, habitual rapid eating, and a family history of spleen and stomach diseases(P<0.05). Conclusion Spleen and stomach disorders are common among primary school students in Qixingguan District, Bijie City. It is necessary to promote healthy habits and awareness among the students, strengthen collaboration among parents, schools, and hospitals to safeguard the healthy development of primary school students. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of differences in vitamin A, D and E levels in preschool children with allergic diseases and their correlation with risk of severe pneumonia Enhui ZHANG, Linlin WANG, Bo LIU Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (2): 180-184.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.02.016 Abstract （1879）   HTML （2）    PDF（pc） （503KB）（269）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the differences in vitamin A, D and E levels among preschool children with allergic diseases and their correlation with the risk of severe pneumonia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 240 preschool children with allergic diseases admitted to Zhoukou Children's Hospital from December 2022 to December 2024. Based on the occurrence of severe pneumonia, the patients were divided into a severe pneumonia group(n=73) and a non-severe pneumonia group(n=167). Differences in vitamin A, D and E levels were compared, and Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for severe pneumonia. Results Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of history of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, residence, passive smoking exposure, and >2 episodes of recurrent respiratory infections within 6 months(P<0.05). The levels of vitamin A, D and E in the severe pneumonia group of children were lower than those in the non-severe pneumonia group(P<0.05). The severe pneumonia group demonstrated a higher prevalence of vitamin A, D and E deficiencies compared to the non-severe pneumonia group(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between vitamin A, D and E levels and the risk of severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases: history of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, rural residence, passive smoking exposure, >2 episodes of recurrent respiratory infections within 6 months, subclinical vitamin A deficiency, and vitamin D/E deficiency(P<0.05). Conclusion Preschool children with allergic diseases exhibit lower levels of vitamins A, D and E, which are negatively correlated with the risk of severe pneumonia. Allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, pet ownership, rural residence, history of passive smoking, recurrent respiratory infections>2 times within 6 months, and deficiencies in vitamins A, D and E are all independent risk factors for severe pneumonia in preschool children with allergic diseases. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine prevention and treatment plan for childhood influenza in Northeast China Yumei LI, Xuefeng WANG, Yunxiao SHANG, Youpeng WANG, Hai WANG, Liping SUN, Lingling ZHUANG, Nan YANG, Xiuying ZHANG Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine    2026, 18 (1): 1-5.   DOI: 10.20274/j.cnki.issn.1674-3865.2026.01.001 Abstract （897）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （550KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save On entering winter, the positive rate of influenza virus testing in children in Northeast China has continued to rise, and influenza has entered a high-incidence period. To give full play to the preventive and therapeutic effects of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and to strengthen influenza prevention and control in Northeast China, the Northeast China Branch of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Pediatrics of Liaoning Society of Life Sciences organized relevant experts. Based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Influenza (2025 Edition) and the Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Influenza in Children (2024 Doctor Version), Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Influenza in Children with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine and Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Influenza in Children with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, and considering the geographical and climatic characteristics of Northeast China, as well as the clinical features, syndrome patterns and diagnosis-treatment experience of influenza, this integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine prevention and treatment plan for childhood influenza in Northeast China was formulated. It is expected to demonstrate the characteristics and advantages of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in handling public health emergencies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics