Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) in children and its infections often occur in dense-populated areas. Since the signs and symptoms of M. pneumonia infection are often non-specific, laboratory examination is very important to clinical diagnosis. Macrolide(ML) antibiotics are recognized generally as first-choice agents for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. In 2000, Mycoplasma pneumoniae showing resistance to macrolides was isolated from clinical samples obtained from Japanese pediatric patients，Since then, prevalence of ML resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates in pediatric patients has increased rapidly. More and more cases of severe MPP and refractory MPP have been reported, which have been a great threat to the health of children. This paper summarized the progress and the existing questions we have encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, which we hope to be helpful to pediatric clinicians.

Key words: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Diagnosis, Treatment, Children