Abstract: Objective:To investigate the relationship among serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE),total serum bilirubin and neurological behavior in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.Methods:A total of 86 cases of newborn hyperbilirubinemia were included in the boservation group,while 86 normal term newborns were choose as the control group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine serum concentration of NSE and total serum bilirubin.NBNA score was also determined.Results:The serum concentrations of NSE and TSB in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.01);two indicators decreased significantly after treatment.NBNA scores were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01);After treatment they increased and were close to normal.NSE serum concentration and NBNA score showed a significant negative correlation(P<0.01)，but it was positively correlated with the TSB concentration.Conclusion: Serum NSE is significantly higher in the hyperbilirubinemia neonates than in the normal ones,which can be an indicator for early prediction of neonatal bilirubin brain injury; Hyperbilirubinemia has some influence on neonatal neurobehavior.

Key words: hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice/treatment, serum neuron specific enolase, infant,newborn