Abstract: Objective：To analyze the data of the death cause in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in order to improve the survival rate.Methods：Totally 626 patients diagnosed with HPS were analyzed, 602 cases underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomy and cured, 20 cases were discharged from hospital without operation, and 4 cases died, the cure rate being 96.16%. For the 4 death cases, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and causes of death.Results:The 4 deaths occurred after operation：2 cases died after operation because of cardiorespiratory function failure，and 1 case died from hyperkalemia. The surgical wound bleeding occurred in 1 patient after operation, and there was a sudden death in the treatment.Conclusion:The main causes of death of HPS are severe infection, internal metabolic disorders, stress reaction after operation, and improper feeding. Paying high attention to the prevention and managing actively can reduce the fatality. The key to successful recovery is the control of infection, electrolyte disturbance correction, and improved nutrition in preoperative period, and careful and comprehensive treatment and prevention of stress reaction during and after operation.

Key words: congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, malnutrition, surgery, infection, death, children